577 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
577 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
# 短信验证码功能部署指南
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## 概述
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本文档说明如何在生产环境中部署短信验证码功能，包括环境配置、数据库迁移、服务配置等。
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## 前置条件
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1. PostgreSQL 数据库已安装并运行
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2. Redis 服务已安装并运行
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3. 已注册腾讯云账号并开通短信服务
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4. 已获取腾讯云短信服务凭证
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## 部署步骤
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### 1. 腾讯云短信服务配置
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#### 1.1 登录腾讯云控制台
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访问：https://console.cloud.tencent.com/smsv2
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#### 1.2 创建短信应用
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1. 进入"应用管理"
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2. 点击"创建应用"
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3. 填写应用名称（如：Life Echo）
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4. 记录生成的 SDK AppID
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#### 1.3 配置短信签名
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1. 进入"国内短信" -> "签名管理"
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2. 点击"创建签名"
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3. 填写签名内容（如：【人生回响】）
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4. 选择签名类型（如：App）
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5. 上传相关证明材料
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6. 等待审核通过
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#### 1.4 配置短信模板
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创建一个通用的验证码模板（所有场景共用）：
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**验证码模板：**
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```
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【人生回响】您的验证码是：{1}，有效期{2}分钟，请勿泄露给他人。
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```
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**模板参数说明：**
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- `{1}` - 验证码（6位数字）
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- `{2}` - 有效期（分钟数，如：5）
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**注意：** 所有场景（注册、登录、重置密码、修改手机号）共用同一个模板。
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记录模板ID。
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#### 1.5 获取API密钥
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1. 访问：https://console.cloud.tencent.com/cam/capi
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2. 点击"新建密钥"
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3. 记录 SecretId 和 SecretKey
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4. **重要：妥善保管密钥，不要泄露**
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### 2. 环境变量配置
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#### 2.1 编辑生产环境配置文件
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编辑 `api/.env.production`：
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```bash
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# 数据库配置
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DATABASE_URL=postgresql://username:password@host:5432/life_echo
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# Redis配置
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REDIS_URL=redis://localhost:6379/0
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# JWT配置
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JWT_SECRET_KEY=your_jwt_secret_key_here
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JWT_ALGORITHM=HS256
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ACCESS_TOKEN_EXPIRE_MINUTES=30
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REFRESH_TOKEN_EXPIRE_DAYS=7
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# 腾讯云短信服务配置
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TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_ID=your_secret_id_here
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TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_KEY=your_secret_key_here
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TENCENT_SMS_SDK_APP_ID=your_app_id_here
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TENCENT_SMS_SIGN_NAME=人生回响
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# 统一使用一个短信模板ID（所有场景共用）
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TENCENT_SMS_TEMPLATE_ID=your_template_id_here
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# 其他配置
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CORS_ORIGINS=["https://your-domain.com"]
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```
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#### 2.2 配置说明
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| 配置项 | 说明 | 示例 |
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|--------|------|------|
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| `TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_ID` | 腾讯云API密钥ID | `AKIDxxxxxxxxxxxxx` |
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| `TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_KEY` | 腾讯云API密钥Key | `xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx` |
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| `TENCENT_SMS_SDK_APP_ID` | 短信应用ID | `1400xxxxxx` |
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| `TENCENT_SMS_SIGN_NAME` | 短信签名（不含【】） | `人生回响` |
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| `TENCENT_SMS_TEMPLATE_ID` | 短信模板ID（所有场景共用） | `123456` |
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### 3. 数据库迁移
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#### 3.1 备份数据库
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```bash
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# 备份现有数据库
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pg_dump -U postgres -d life_echo > backup_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).sql
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```
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#### 3.2 执行迁移脚本
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```bash
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# 方式1：使用psql命令
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psql -U postgres -d life_echo -f api/migrations/add_sms_verification.sql
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# 方式2：使用数据库管理工具
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# 打开 pgAdmin 或其他工具，执行 add_sms_verification.sql 中的SQL语句
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```
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#### 3.3 验证迁移结果
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```sql
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-- 检查表是否创建成功
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SELECT * FROM information_schema.tables
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WHERE table_name = 'sms_verification_codes';
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-- 检查索引是否创建成功
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SELECT indexname FROM pg_indexes
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WHERE tablename = 'sms_verification_codes';
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-- 检查 refresh_tokens 表是否添加了 device_info 字段
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SELECT column_name, data_type
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FROM information_schema.columns
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WHERE table_name = 'refresh_tokens' AND column_name = 'device_info';
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```
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### 4. 依赖安装
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#### 4.1 更新Python依赖
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```bash
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cd api
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pip install -r requirements.txt
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```
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确保 `requirements.txt` 中包含：
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```
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tencentcloud-sdk-python>=3.0.1000
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```
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#### 4.2 验证依赖安装
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```bash
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python -c "from tencentcloud.sms.v20210111 import sms_client; print('腾讯云SDK安装成功')"
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```
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### 5. 服务部署
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#### 5.1 使用Docker部署
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编辑 `api/docker-compose.yml`，添加环境变量：
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```yaml
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version: '3.8'
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services:
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api:
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build: .
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ports:
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- "8000:8000"
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environment:
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- DATABASE_URL=${DATABASE_URL}
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- REDIS_URL=${REDIS_URL}
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- JWT_SECRET_KEY=${JWT_SECRET_KEY}
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- TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_ID=${TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_ID}
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- TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_KEY=${TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_KEY}
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- TENCENT_SMS_SDK_APP_ID=${TENCENT_SMS_SDK_APP_ID}
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- TENCENT_SMS_SIGN_NAME=${TENCENT_SMS_SIGN_NAME}
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- TENCENT_SMS_TEMPLATE_ID=${TENCENT_SMS_TEMPLATE_ID}
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depends_on:
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- postgres
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- redis
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restart: unless-stopped
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postgres:
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image: postgres:15
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environment:
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- POSTGRES_DB=life_echo
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- POSTGRES_USER=postgres
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- POSTGRES_PASSWORD=${POSTGRES_PASSWORD}
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volumes:
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- postgres_data:/var/lib/postgresql/data
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restart: unless-stopped
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redis:
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image: redis:7
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restart: unless-stopped
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volumes:
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postgres_data:
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```
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启动服务：
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```bash
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cd api
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docker compose up -d
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```
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#### 5.2 使用Systemd部署
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创建服务文件 `/etc/systemd/system/life-echo-api.service`：
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```ini
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[Unit]
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Description=Life Echo API Service
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After=network.target postgresql.service redis.service
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[Service]
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Type=simple
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User=www-data
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WorkingDirectory=/path/to/life-echo/api
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Environment="PATH=/path/to/venv/bin"
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EnvironmentFile=/path/to/life-echo/api/.env.production
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ExecStart=/path/to/venv/bin/python main.py
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=10
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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启动服务：
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```bash
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sudo systemctl daemon-reload
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sudo systemctl enable life-echo-api
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sudo systemctl start life-echo-api
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sudo systemctl status life-echo-api
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```
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### 6. GitHub Actions配置
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如果使用GitHub Actions自动部署，需要配置Secrets：
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1. 进入GitHub仓库 -> Settings -> Secrets and variables -> Actions
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2. 添加以下Secrets：
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| Secret名称 | 说明 |
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|-----------|------|
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| `TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_ID` | 腾讯云API密钥ID |
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| `TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_KEY` | 腾讯云API密钥Key |
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| `TENCENT_SMS_SDK_APP_ID` | 短信应用ID |
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| `TENCENT_SMS_SIGN_NAME` | 短信签名 |
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| `TENCENT_SMS_TEMPLATE_ID` | 短信模板ID（所有场景共用） |
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参考文档：`github-actions-secrets.md`
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### 7. 验证部署
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#### 7.1 健康检查
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```bash
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curl http://localhost:8000/health
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```
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预期响应：
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```json
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{
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"status": "healthy"
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}
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```
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#### 7.2 测试发送验证码
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```bash
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curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/api/auth/sms/send \
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-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
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-d '{
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"phone": "13800138000",
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"purpose": "register"
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}'
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```
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预期响应：
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```json
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{
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"message": "验证码已发送",
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"expires_in": 300
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}
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```
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#### 7.3 检查日志
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```bash
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# Docker部署
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docker compose logs -f api
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# Systemd部署
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sudo journalctl -u life-echo-api -f
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```
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### 8. 监控与告警
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#### 8.1 配置日志监控
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建议使用以下工具：
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- ELK Stack (Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana)
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- Grafana + Loki
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- 云服务商的日志服务
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#### 8.2 配置性能监控
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监控指标：
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- API响应时间
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- 短信发送成功率
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- 验证码验证成功率
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- 数据库查询性能
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- Redis连接状态
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#### 8.3 配置告警
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告警规则：
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- 短信发送失败率 > 5%
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- API响应时间 > 2秒
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- 数据库连接失败
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- Redis连接失败
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- 磁盘空间 < 20%
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### 9. 安全加固
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#### 9.1 防火墙配置
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```bash
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# 仅允许必要的端口
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sudo ufw allow 22/tcp # SSH
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sudo ufw allow 80/tcp # HTTP
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sudo ufw allow 443/tcp # HTTPS
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sudo ufw enable
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```
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#### 9.2 SSL证书配置
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使用Let's Encrypt免费证书：
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```bash
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sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
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sudo certbot --nginx -d api.your-domain.com
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```
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#### 9.3 限流配置
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在Nginx中配置限流：
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```nginx
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limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=sms_limit:10m rate=1r/m;
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location /api/auth/sms/send {
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limit_req zone=sms_limit burst=2 nodelay;
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proxy_pass http://localhost:8000;
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}
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```
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### 10. 备份与恢复
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#### 10.1 数据库备份
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设置自动备份：
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```bash
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# 创建备份脚本
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cat > /usr/local/bin/backup-db.sh << 'EOF'
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#!/bin/bash
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BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups/postgresql"
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DATE=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
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mkdir -p $BACKUP_DIR
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pg_dump -U postgres -d life_echo | gzip > $BACKUP_DIR/life_echo_$DATE.sql.gz
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# 保留最近7天的备份
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find $BACKUP_DIR -name "*.sql.gz" -mtime +7 -delete
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EOF
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chmod +x /usr/local/bin/backup-db.sh
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# 添加到crontab（每天凌晨2点执行）
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echo "0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup-db.sh" | crontab -
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```
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#### 10.2 数据恢复
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```bash
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# 恢复数据库
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gunzip < backup_file.sql.gz | psql -U postgres -d life_echo
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```
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### 11. 故障排查
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#### 11.1 短信发送失败
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**检查步骤：**
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1. 验证环境变量配置
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```bash
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echo $TENCENT_SMS_SECRET_ID
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echo $TENCENT_SMS_SDK_APP_ID
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```
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2. 检查腾讯云账户余额
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3. 查看后端日志
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```bash
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grep "SMS" /var/log/life-echo-api.log
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```
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4. 测试API连接
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```python
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from tencentcloud.common import credential
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from tencentcloud.sms.v20210111 import sms_client
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cred = credential.Credential(SECRET_ID, SECRET_KEY)
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client = sms_client.SmsClient(cred, "ap-guangzhou")
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```
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#### 11.2 验证码验证失败
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**检查步骤：**
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1. 查询数据库中的验证码记录
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```sql
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SELECT * FROM sms_verification_codes
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WHERE phone = '13800138000'
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ORDER BY created_at DESC
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LIMIT 5;
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```
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2. 检查验证码是否过期
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3. 检查验证码是否已使用
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4. 检查用途是否匹配
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#### 11.3 数据库连接失败
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**检查步骤：**
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1. 验证数据库服务状态
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```bash
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sudo systemctl status postgresql
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```
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2. 检查数据库连接配置
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```bash
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psql -U postgres -d life_echo -c "SELECT 1"
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```
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3. 查看数据库日志
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```bash
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sudo tail -f /var/log/postgresql/postgresql-15-main.log
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```
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### 12. 性能优化
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#### 12.1 数据库优化
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```sql
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-- 分析表统计信息
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ANALYZE sms_verification_codes;
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-- 查看慢查询
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SELECT * FROM pg_stat_statements
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WHERE query LIKE '%sms_verification_codes%'
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ORDER BY total_time DESC;
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```
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#### 12.2 Redis优化
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```bash
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# 配置Redis持久化
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redis-cli CONFIG SET save "900 1 300 10 60 10000"
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# 设置最大内存
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redis-cli CONFIG SET maxmemory 256mb
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redis-cli CONFIG SET maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
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```
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#### 12.3 应用优化
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- 使用连接池
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- 启用缓存
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- 异步发送短信
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- 批量清理过期验证码
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### 13. 定期维护
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#### 13.1 清理过期验证码
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创建定时任务：
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```sql
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-- 创建清理函数
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CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION cleanup_expired_sms_codes()
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RETURNS void AS $$
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BEGIN
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DELETE FROM sms_verification_codes
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WHERE expires_at < NOW() - INTERVAL '1 day';
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END;
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$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
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-- 每天凌晨3点执行（使用pg_cron扩展）
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SELECT cron.schedule('cleanup-sms', '0 3 * * *', 'SELECT cleanup_expired_sms_codes()');
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```
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#### 13.2 监控数据库大小
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```sql
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SELECT
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pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('sms_verification_codes')) as table_size,
|
||
(SELECT count(*) FROM sms_verification_codes) as record_count;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 部署检查清单
|
||
|
||
- [ ] 腾讯云短信服务已配置
|
||
- [ ] 环境变量已正确设置
|
||
- [ ] 数据库迁移已执行
|
||
- [ ] 依赖包已安装
|
||
- [ ] 服务已启动并运行
|
||
- [ ] 健康检查通过
|
||
- [ ] 发送验证码测试通过
|
||
- [ ] 日志正常输出
|
||
- [ ] 监控已配置
|
||
- [ ] 告警已配置
|
||
- [ ] 备份已配置
|
||
- [ ] SSL证书已配置
|
||
- [ ] 防火墙已配置
|
||
- [ ] 限流已配置
|
||
|
||
## 回滚计划
|
||
|
||
如果部署出现问题，执行以下步骤回滚：
|
||
|
||
1. 停止新版本服务
|
||
```bash
|
||
docker compose down
|
||
# 或
|
||
sudo systemctl stop life-echo-api
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
2. 恢复数据库
|
||
```bash
|
||
psql -U postgres -d life_echo < backup_file.sql
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
3. 切换到旧版本代码
|
||
```bash
|
||
git checkout previous-version
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
4. 重启服务
|
||
```bash
|
||
docker compose up -d
|
||
# 或
|
||
sudo systemctl start life-echo-api
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 联系支持
|
||
|
||
如有问题，请联系：
|
||
- 技术支持邮箱：support@your-domain.com
|
||
- 开发团队：dev@your-domain.com
|
||
|
||
## 更新日志
|
||
|
||
- 2024-01-XX: 初始版本
|
||
- 添加短信验证码功能
|
||
- 添加账户管理功能
|